Euro NCAP crash tests
Ratings explained
When Euro NCAP started crash testing new cars in 1997 it published two star ratings for each car – an adult occupant protection rating taking account of performance in frontal and side impact tests, and a pedestrian protection rating.
Initially, the maximum rating for both pedestrian protection and adult occupant protection was four stars. After a few years - as car design was improved - Euro NCAP raised the bar on adult occupant protection and started using a maximum rating of five stars.
In February 2009 Euro NCAP introduced a new overall safety rating with a maximum award of five stars.
This new rating is made up from scores in four areas of assessment: adult occupant, child occupant, pedestrian protection and a new area, 'safety assist'.
Adult occupant protection
The adult occupant score is based on the protection of adult size dummies in frontal, side and pole impact tests.
A new rear impact/whiplash test was also introduced from 2009.
Child occupant protection
Euro NCAP uses 18-month-old and 3-year-old sized dummies in the frontal and side impact test. The child restraints used are those recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
Pedestrian protection
Euro NCAP has always done pedestrian protection tests, but the results have only been published as a separate star rating.
By including pedestrian protection in the new overall rating, Euro NCAP hopes to encourage improvements in vehicle performance in this area.
Safety assist
The new 'safety assist' rating will allow Euro NCAP to take account of driver assistance and active safety systems.
Points are awarded for fitment of electronic stability control and for the presence of a 'driver-set' speed limitation device. Euro NCAP continues to reward fitment of intelligent seat belt reminders.
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4 August 2011